Globalization, Glt1, Task 1 Essays - 818 Words

Globalization Western Governors University Globalization refers to the development of an integrated world economy, exchange of cultural views, thoughts, and products (Wikipedia, 2013). Pologeorgis (2012) states that, essentially globalization began with the exploration and settlement of new lands. Communication and transportation advances have aided in this process. Two non-Western countries that have been impacted by globalization are India and China. India opened its doors to globalization during the nineteen nineties following an economic crisis in which the country almost defaulted on loans (Balakrishnan, n.d.). Before globalization India purposely isolated itself from world markets and was in a state of†¦show more content†¦Western culture has had an impact on traditional Chinese society. The West’s impact can be seen in the advertisement of Western products, acceptance of Western business, and change of thought to accept Western ideals. Examples of this include the prevalence of foreign companies in the country like McDonalds, Nike, and Marriott. A change in ideals was expressed by Jaffe (2012) who wrote that while living in China she noticed that foreign advertisements often featured Western models. Curious about this she asked her Chinese friends about it. They explained that by Chinese standards big eyes, fair skin, and a pronounced nose was thought to be beautiful. Western influence in China seems to only be influencing major cities with villages only being influenced by globalization when it is forced upon them like it was during the 2008 Olympics when one town was displaced so that Olympic facilities could be built (Ames, n.d.). Some would also suggest that the influence of Western media through the use of the internet, or American media had led to a loss of their traditional language as the people begin to speak chi-English (Chang, n.d.). From all of this is plain to see that globalization can have positive and negative effects upon a society, but a country that refuses to open its doors to the world face economic stagnation and poverty for its people. ThoseShow MoreRelatedAnalyze the Effects of Globalization on Native-No Western Cultural Practices1545 Words   |  7 PagesGLT1 Task 1 Analyze the effects of globalization on native-no Western cultural practices Issues in Behavioral Science Jamie B BSN 06/18/2014 Western Governor’s University In this essay, I will discuss the matter of Globalization of two nations, South Korea and India. Globalization can be defined as, in simple terms, as the process of making something, anything available worldwide. It is a collaboration between countries, exchanging goods, services, workers, ideas, and even culture, which

Waiting for Godot Proven as a Tragic-Comedy Free Essays

Is the label tragic-comedy truly suitable for the drama Waiting for Godot? A tragic-comedy by definition, is a work which intertwines elements both tragic and comic in nature. This characterization can be questioned as to its legitimacy in its application to Waiting for Godot. However, such skepticism of the classification will soon be expunged. We will write a custom essay sample on Waiting for Godot: Proven as a Tragic-Comedy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Necessarily, examples of tragic and comic techniques, as well as theme, will be identified and confirmed as content within the story. Body A Tragic-comedy is a play which claims a plot fit for tragedy but which ends happily like a comedy. The action is serious in theme and subject matter and tone also sometimes, but it seems to be a tragic catastrophe until an unexpected turn in events brings out the happy ending. The characters of a tragic-comedy are noble but they are involved in improbabilities. In such a play tragic and comic elements are mixed together. Fletcher, in his Preface to the Faithful Shepherdess, defines a tragic-comedy as: â€Å"A tragic-comedy is not so called in respect to mirth and killing, but in respect it wants death which is enough to make it no tragedy. Shakespeare’s ‘Cymbeline’ and ‘The Winter’s Tale’ may also be categorized as tragic-comedy. Time is clearly presented as a tragedy and creates many hardships in Waiting for Godot. Waiting is generally perceived negatively and is the central focus of the story. The two main characters Estragon and Vladimir, are forced to waste away their days while awaiting the arrival of a man who never comes. Estragon an d Vladimir have nothing to do in the meantime and in result time becomes a dreaded inevitability that they must endure. Because they extensively repeat the same actions, time is cyclical. Each character seems to have a faulty memory, which further proves problematic. For example, this is seen in a conversation between Vladimir and Estragon: Vladimir: â€Å"That passed the time. † Estragon: â€Å"It would have passed in any case. † Vladimir: â€Å"Yes, but not so rapidly. †. Time loses meaning and value when the actions of one day are without purpose or certainty on the next. Tragically, Estragon is regularly beaten, he admits: â€Å"Beat me? Certainly they beat me. †. And Vladimir suffers from kidney troubles. Estragon’s feet and Vladimir’s kidneys are also taken to be granted. They both resent that they should be asked whether it still hurts. It is implied that it hurts all the time. When Vladimir asks Estragon whether his boots are hurting him, he responds: â€Å"Hurts! He wants to know if it hurts! †. Estragon then asks Vladimir of his kidney trouble and comically Vladimir responds: â€Å"Hurts! He wants to know if it hurts! †. In actuality his trouble is so great that it does not even permit him to laugh. The comedy in Waiting for Godot quickly turns into tragedy at the thought of the helplessness Estragon and Vladimir now face. The two are waiting for someone who never arrives. In order to pass time they participate in irrelevant, meaningless activity. Their lives are impossible to control and are without pleasure and their lifestyles are extremely tragic as it is. The source is the situation of pointless waiting of Estragon and Vladimir. They do not know who Godot is and even do not know what will happen if they stop waiting. Lack of essential knowledge makes them totally impotent and powerless. The total atmosphere of the play is very bleak to dark-comedy. For example, Vladimir is determined not to hear Estragon’s nightmare. However, Estragon still pleads with him in vain to hear him, saying that there is nobody else to whom he may communicate his private nightmares. The situation of Lucky is comically pathetic, especially in view of his glorious past, as Pozzo describes it. Lucky is apparently frustrated and obsessed with life and the struggles himself and people as a whole must endure and begins to rant: â€Å"†¦ the flames, the tears the stones so blue so calm alas alas on on the skull the skull the skull the skull in Connemara in spite of the tennis, the labors abandoned left unfinished graver still abode of stones in a word I resume alas alas abandoned unfinished the skull the skull in Connemara in spite of the tennis the skull alas the stones Cunard tennis †¦ the stones †¦ so calm †¦Cunard †¦ unfinished †¦Ã¢â‚¬  A comic moment involves Estragon putting off and on his boots, as well as Vladimir’s game with his hat which appears as if he was performing at a circus. He also suffers from a prostrate problem and walks with stiff and short strides. The two each seem to engage often in unsure banter and easily influenced decisions, for example: Estragon: â€Å"Let’s go. † Vladimir: â€Å"We cannot. † Estragon: â€Å"Why not? † Vladimir: â€Å"We are waiting for Godot. † (They do not move. ) Estragon and Vladimir put on and take off each other’s hat as well as that of Lucky again and again. It shows that in the world of tramps, there is no place of significant actions. The most farcical situation in the play is the one where the tramps are testing the strength of the cord with which they wish to hang themselves and the cord breaks under the strain. Waiting for Godot consists of two men unable to act, move, or think in any significant way while they kill time waiting for a mysterious man, Godot. The characters fail to realize that this very act of waiting is a choice; instead, they view it as a mandatory part of their daily routine. This habit of uncertainty extends even to the most extreme of decisions, for example: Vladimir: â€Å"We’ll hang ourselves tomorrow†¦unless Godot comes. † Estragon: â€Å"And if he comes? † Vladimir: â€Å"Then we’ll be saved. † Their inability to make conscious decisions can be viewed as tragically unfortunate, while at the same time it can also create humor. Conclusion In conclusion, multiple comic and tragic schemes were identified, as well as the theme of the drama; confirming Waiting for Godot as a tragic-comedy. Certain events and dialogue between characters throughout the story promoted tragic and comic scenarios successfully and proved to be legitimate examples. While Waiting for Godot contains tragedy and comedy, is this the expectation for all dramas to qualify as a tragic-comedy? Finally, all and every story should be precisely and attentively observed before generalizing it within a label, to prevent pre-determined opinions and encourage personal perspective. How to cite Waiting for Godot: Proven as a Tragic-Comedy, Papers

Implementing CSR Policies Is Beneficial For A Company’s Bottom Line

Question: Discuss about the Implementing CSR Policies Is Beneficial For A Companys Bottom Line A Critical Evaluation. Answer: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) polices are playing a very important role in improving the brand reputation of an organisation in the market. It enables an organisation to carry out their business in a socially responsible manner by providing them with a platform where they can effectively contribute towards the growth and development of the society. The definition of CSR has evolved over of the years and according to Dahlsrud, (2006) there have been as many as 37 different definitions of CSR. The roots of CSR could be traced back to the period between 1945 to1960. The idea of CSR essentially emerged from the concept of corporate philanthropy where it was considered to be the obligation of business leaders to financially support good causes (Porter and Kramer, 2002). According to Porter and Kramer (2002), the CSR plays a very important role in creating a win-win situation for both the society and the business establishments. CSR plays a vital role in helping business organisations to engage with the public in an effective manner. There has been a scientific proof of the interrelation between and organisations business performance in the market and their social commitment as expressed by scholars Margolis and Walsh (2003). CSR can be considered to be an efficientmanagement strategy wherein accompany can increase their exposure in the market and effectively market their brand. This can become a crucial factor in determining their future growth and success in the market. Short term activities such as donating to social causes or corporate philanthropy are not effective strategies to achieve their main objective and this does not comprise CSR. CSR is essentially a long term proposition wherein an organisation has to constantly give back to the societ y and contribute towards the overall development and growth of the society (Global Reporting Initiative, 2006). By participating in CSR activities, the companies are invariably investing in their own future by chalking out an accurate roadmap to ensure their sustainability in the market. Thus, CSR activities must be planned and supervised in a detailed and careful manner so that corporate establishments can enhance their own brand reputation in the market by actively contributing towards the progress of the local communities (Muller and Whiteman, 2009). Improving the overall bottom line of a business is not the sole purpose of CSR. There are many corporate entities which genuinely care for the society and thus they are constantly trying to conduct their business in an ethical and socially responsible manner. This enables them to make their business more environmentally sustainable by satisfying and considering the needs and interests of their employees as well as the larger community where they are conducting their business operations in the market. This enables them to ensure the smooth continuity of their business operations in the market (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2009). References Dahlsrud, A. (2006). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, September. Available at: https://www.csr-norway.no/papers/ 2007_dahlsrud_CSR.pdf Carroll, A.B. and Buchholtz, A.K. (2009). Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management, 7th edn. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Porter, M.E. and Kramer, M.R. (2002). The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review, 80, pp. 5669. Margolis, J.D. and Walsh, J.P. (2003). Misery loves companies: social initiatives by business. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, pp. 268305. Seifert, B., Morris, S.A. and Bartkus, B.R. (2004). Having, giving, and getting: slack resources, corporate philanthropy, and firm financial performance. Business and Society, 43, pp. 135161. Lee, M.P. (2008). A review of the theories of corporate social responsibility: its evolutionary path and the road ahead. International Journal ofManagement Reviews, 10, pp. 5373. Muller, A. and Whiteman, G. (2009). Exploring the geography of corporate philanthropic disaster response: a study of Fortune Global 500 firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, pp. 589603. Spector, B. (2008). Business responsibilities in a divided world: the cold war roots of the corporate social responsibility movement. Enterprise Society, 9, pp. 314336. De Schutter, O. (2008). Corporate social responsibility European style. European Law Journal, 14, pp. 203 236. Global Reporting Initiative (2006). Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. Amsterdam: Global Reporting Initiative.

IOC Essay Example

IOC Essay The extract presented to me today is from the novel Fifth Business by Robertson Davies, published in the year 1970. It is a fiction in which the story is told in the first persons point of view. To be brief, the story is written by Duncan Ramey as a letter on his retirement from teaching at Collarbone College, addressed to the school Headmaster. This extract features Padre Blazon discussing miracles in which he uses repetition to emphasize its strong meaning and effect, his childhood in which the reference of Jungian analysis is made and finally the comparison between Duncan, Boy and Blazon concerning his chastity and the love of his vocation. Initially, the writer uses most often reported speech where he summarizes the characters actions and thoughts, but in this particular text he uses direct speech a form of English to connect with the reader or in this case Duncan Ramey himself. At first the tone of the text is compassionate and filled with lessons to learn reminding the reader of a speech from someone wise. However, later the reader comes away with a sense of desperate needs from Padre as he claims Behold me, Ramey, a virgin at the age of seventy-six! P. 167). Furthermore, the text is direct as it refers to what miracles really are within the example of Padre Blazons childhood and many others. Lines like Look at me, Ramey. I am something of a miracle myself. (p. 1 66) can engage the reader and captivate their interest in knowing more about how Padre was a miracle himself. The simple sentences in this extract are a common structural device used to create a d ramatic effect such as tension. It also might suggest fear and fast-paced action or thoughts for example I quote Miracles are things people cannot explain. P. 1 66), here we see the intensity brought into one sentence to put in mind the readers attention. Secondly, this extract takes place when Duncan meets Padre Blazon and they have a deep discussion in which he shares his theory about Mary Dumpster and that leads to the subject of miracles. Blazon says Oh, miracles! They happen everywhere. They are conditional. (p. 1 66), through this quote we can state that Padre Blazon is a wise old man who is a confidant of Dunn, his knowledge and experience makes him one of the wisest characters in the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on IOC specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on IOC specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on IOC specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although he lives with his own personal doubts, but through those doubts, he emits wisdom beyond belief. In this dialogue Padre Blazon targets Duncan with the purpose of defining miracles to him in different ways. The repetition Of miracle was really concentrated in the first paragraph to push the readers point of view as well as Duncan because in this case Padre was having a conversation with him. For instance when Blazon says Your artificial leg would have been a miracle in the Middle Ages-? probably a Devils miracle. (p. 66), we see how Padre as illustrating it to him. Duncan viewed his artificial leg as something he had to live with. In fact, its something he wouldnt think of as a miracle. More importantly the writer chose the word Devil to highlight how genius of a miracle it would have been in the Middle Ages. Nevertheless Fifth Business is based on Jungian psychology and throughout the novel there is many meanings and connections made with archetypes. In this case, it is Padr e Blazon, he is the wise old man who tells Dunn there are two types of truth: psychological and objective. He also tells Dunn that if he thinks Mary is a saint, then she is to him and that he should discover what role she plays in his personal mythology. To get back to the point, in this extract Padre discusses miracles in which Mary Dumpster plays a huge role because Dunn sees her as a fool-saint. A woman who brought his brother Willie back to life, transformed a tramp and finally appeared on the battlefield as the Virgin Mary in before Dunn lost consciousness. On the other hand, Blazon recalls that he is born with a past, which refers to the Jungian analysis once again. The second paragraph of this extract highlights his childhood and how he came to this world with a past constructed by his poor mother. Padre specifically says So she vowed solemnly, in church, that if she might bear a son, she would give him to the service of God. , being that, after having seven daughters and finally a son, his mother knew he was a miracle. As a result, he was and I quote studious, obedient, intelligent and chaste. (P. 167). Padre Blazon is a character that serves the purpose of helping Duncan better define himself. He comes to him as an older, trusted advisor. Blazon shows the reader how Duncan, even while doing good, has obsessive tendencies and he certainly helps him develop the idea of sainthood and the nature of the self, which is an occurring theme throughout the novel. In this extract we can see that Padres story about his childhood and his emphasis on miracles really comes back to Mary Dumpster and sainthood. Blazon is a man who has great experience and knowledge to give, which is why Duncan trusts him and listens to what he has to offer. Padre mentions and I tote I am going to Vienna now to work on the Catalogue of Greek Manuscripts in what used to be the Emperors Library. Hall be drowned in miracles, for those simple Greek monks liked nothing better and saw them everywhere. (p. 1 66), again we can see that he has the chance to work on Manuscripts in Vienna, something not anybody could do. Padre earns so many opportunities to learn more and master his knowledge, thus making him a wise old man. Regarding his chastity, Padre describ es his sexuality directly to the reader as mentioned before, but he also opens a parallel in which he says But always loud say, God did not give us this jewel of chastity to be trampled in the dirt pray for an honorable and loving marriage, and put me from your mind. (p. 167). This quote conveys the message of chastity, which was his weapon against those girls who wanted to seduce him. We can also make the comparison with Boy, Duncan and Padre. First, Boy breaks the message of this quote because he is someone that has the power and everything in his hands, he got every and any girl he wanted, yet he was married specifically putting his chastity in the dirt. Much less, Duncan has his morals and values, UT still managed to lose his virginity and get something out of it, experience wise versus Padre who kept his virginity. To conclude, this extract reveals many things about the characters, symbolism and the Jungian analysis. As I previously stated Padre Blazon is a wise old man with many experiences to learn and hear from, his wisdom nourishes Duncan in the two times they meet throughout the novel. This one in particular opens Duennas mind about miracles concerning Mary Dumpster and from this, he will continue his journey with the study of Histology.

Writing a Pitch

Writing a Pitch Writing a Pitch Writing a Pitch By Maeve Maddox Those of you planning to enter the Amazon/Penguin Fiction Contest have probably written your pitch by now. Every novelist, sooner or later, must give some thought to the pitch. Like a synopsis a pitch must presentin a short space if written, in a few minutes if spokenan overall description of the novel: main character/s, main conflict, main plot twists, and resolution. The pitch contains additional information about targeted audience and marketability. The Amazon/Penguin contest is expected to draw as many as 10,000 submissions. The 10,000 will be cut to 2,000 on the basis of 300-word pitches. Even if you dont plan to enter, you may find the contest criteria useful in planning the pitch you will eventually need if youre writing a novel. The 300-word contest pitches are expected to give judges a clear idea of the following aspects of the submitted novel: overall strength plot development character development originality of idea writing style intended market how the book fits within this market why the reader would want to read the novel The contents of a pitch are the same as what goes into a query letter. Good luck to those of you planning to enter. Any of our readers who entered last year may want to offer last minute tips. Guidelines for writing a fiction query letter Breakthrough Novel Contest site Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadStory Writing 101Oppose and Opposed To

Weltering in Gore

Weltering in Gore Weltering in Gore Weltering in Gore By Maeve Maddox The expression â€Å"weltering in gore† has been around at least since 1593 when Christopher Marlowe used it in Edward II: Upon my weapons point here shouldst thou fall, And welter in thy goare I just noticed it in an Amelia Peabody mystery by Elizabeth Peters. In The Curse of the Pharaohs (1981), Amelia is reluctant for her husband to stand guard over a tomb. He asks if she’s afraid she’ll find him in the morning â€Å"weltering in his own gore.† The novel’s setting is the nineteenth century, so the use of the phrase is right on target. It was quite popular with journalists of the 1800s: There lay the criminal, weltering in his gore, on the grass in the yard. newspaper account of the execution of William Cocroft, Salt Lake City, 1861 Alonzo Bee, a son of the farmer hastened to the Doyle residence, where upon entering, the horrible sight of three human beings weltering in their own gore met his gaze. account of a murder, 1883 An 1808 reading textbook. (then in its 9th edition). designed for the use of schools includes this description of a man who survived a murderous attack with the help of his faithful dog. The man was found wounded, scalped, weltering in his own gore, and faint with the loss of blood. The dog was credited with saving its master’s life by licking the wound. Both weltering and gore have a place in this 1922 National Geographic story about a drawing that depicts the dedication of a temple to Huitzilipochtli: To this is attached, on the right, the figure of a priest who has just sacrificed a human victim, the latter pictured as dying on the ground,weltering in his own blood. To the left is the great temple of the War God, the stairway being shown as plentifully besprinkled with the gore of the hecatomb of victims. In current usage weltering in gore isn’t entirely gone. Here’s an example from the movie review of a documentary about an Australian criminal: [Chopper is] alternately shocking and hilarious, as Chopper launches a vicious attack on a fellow inmate and then, as his victim is literally weltering in his gore, takes pity on him and offers him a cigarette. DVD Times. Too bad the writer thought it necessary to insert the â€Å"literally.† Whether classed as a clichà © or not, the phrase is wonderfully expressive on its own. The word gore has several meanings. As a noun gore can mean â€Å"clotted blood,† as in the weltering expression. It can also mean â€Å"a triangular piece of ground.† The surname Gore comes from this land sense. And gore can mean a â€Å"triangular piece of cloth† used in sewing to make a â€Å"gored skirt† or to enlarge an article of clothing. As a verb gore means â€Å"to pierce or stab.† It is usually used to describe the action of a horned animal. Ex. The toreador was gored by the bull. Both the verb and the noun with triangular connotations derive from an OE word for spear: gar. The point of the Anglo-Saxon gar was triangular in shape. The origin of the noun in the sense of â€Å"clotted blood† is OE gor, â€Å"dirt, dung, shit.† The sense â€Å"clotted blood† had developed by the1560s. Like gore, welter has more than one meaning, both as noun and verb. As a verb, welter means â€Å"to roll or twist the body.† It can also be used to describe the rolling, writhing motion of inanimate objects. Ex. The ship weltered in the waves. As a noun, welter can mean â€Å"a confused mass.† Ex. a welter of contradictions, a welter of fans, a welter of evidence, a welter of misunderstandings. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive At30 Baseball Idioms50 Synonyms for "Song"

Project Management applied to House Renovation Assignment

Project Management applied to House Renovation - Assignment Example This method is beneficial and purposeful when the subject is too complex to unravel which demands a web of discussion to correlate theories of engineering, architecture, economics, and performance management of its workers (Shuttleworth, 2008). As a case study, the discussion hopes to generate careful thought and accurate explication that would be helpful in the realization of the project (Shuttleworth, 2008). Limitations The researcher is limited to discuss only about house renovations and the significance of performance management in executing the project plan. The limitations is centered solely about the challenges of an organization in defining, measuring and motivating workers’ performance to make the work cost-efficient and effective (Hartog, Boselie, & Paauwe, 2004) following the organizational strategies in human resource management and of quality control standards (Hartog, et al., 2004). It will therefore consider all models that are considerate of key workers’ roles, functions, communication expertise, skills, perceptions— all of which are subject to managerial capacity and other related causality (Hartog, et al., 2004) of renovation and construction. The researcher is likewise limited by international standard of professional ethics in the conduct of research. Related Literature House renovation is an economic activity because this will involve the use of human and capital resources, thus, considerate on household income that will guarantee the full completion of the project (Plaut, et al., 2010; p. 462). It is also dependent on decisions made by the family—as the latter make some rational choice on engineering design and on renovation model it seeks to effect, as well as, the structure they wish to change. This is... This essay discusses house renovation as an economic activity because this will involve the use of human and capital resources, thus, considerate on household income that will guarantee the full completion of the project. It is also dependent on decisions made by the family—as the latter make some rational choice on engineering design and on renovation model it seeks to effect, as well as, the structure they wish to change. This is therefore inclusive of logistics analysis and the theoretical precepts governing decision-making relating to renovation because persons involved must be sensitized on the present value of property, the variables of demolition and reconstruction, and, the cost of the construction materials that will be utilized in renovation. These variables cover (a) personal and household variables; (b) housing variables, and (c) geographic variables. The first variables are inclusive of data and information of household’s demographic profiles such as the nu mber of residents of a specific home, their gender, status, nationality, and their economic status. The latter is significant to determine the credit quality of the household and in determining their level of accountability when such renovation falls within the market cycle when mortgage is of high interest rate. The second variable cover matters about the value of the house sought to be renovated with it’s anent tax, mortgage rate and its physical condition.

International Country study of Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Country study of Germany - Essay Example There are certain exceptions, like the specific sectors of agriculture and coal mining, which are regulated and specially subsidized. The gross domestic product of Germany (purchasing power parity) in 2008 was $2.863 trillion (CIA, World Factbook, 2009), with the official currency being the euro. In order to seriously comprehend the economic framework within which Germany functions, it is imperative to be cognizant of the basic features and structural facets of the banking and the financial system of Germany. The banking network in the country of Germany comprises of different private and public credit institutions (Banks and Banking, n.d.). Though the types of activities that are allowed to each variety of the credit institutions are not bounded, yet specific distinctions in the characteristic range of bank customers or transactions do prominently exist (Baums and Gruson, 1993, p.4). The variegated credit institutions in Germany are – (1) commercial banks that come under the private sector (private Geschaftsbanken); (2) banks that exclusively deal in savings (Sparkssen) and related credit operations with their central institutions (Landesbanken und Girozentralen); and, (3) the agricultural and the industrial credit co-operatives (Raiffeiseibanken and Volksbanken), th e regional institutions of these banks (Genossenschaftliche Zentralbanken), and their strong central institution (Deustche Genossenschaftsbank ) (Baums and Gruson, 1993, p.4). The savings banks which had previously solely focused on the amount of savings deposits and the long term loans, have diversified their activities a more prolific manner, and with their central institutions which is the regional Landesbank, are functional in spheres of lending in large scale, financing in the industrial sector, and mobilizing capital in the securities business. With a parallel context, the club of commercial banks has penetrated the field of

That Time Of The Year Essay Example for Free

That Time Of The Year Essay The Turning point: the poem is addressed to Mr. W. H. and it is   a Shakesperean   sonnet. A sonnet is a lyric poem of 14 lines with a   formal rhyme scheme, expressing different aspects of a simple thought, mood or feeling, resolved or summed up in the last lines of the poem. The English sonnet is divided into three quartrain, each rhymed differently with a final independently rhymed couplet that makes an effective unifying climax to the wholea b a b, c d c d, e f e f, gg .   True to the Shakesperean tradition this sonnet too has three quartrains . The first one portrays   late autumn or early winter. It portrays a   dull, cheerless and gloomy landscape- leafless and bare trees, withered and yellowed leaves, branches of trees deprived of   all the usual music since the chorus of birds has   flown away. The poet compares himself with this cheerless landscape and seems to lament the departed glory and happiness of his   life. Similarly, in the second stanza the poet equates himself to a twilight which in its wake will bring about a dark, silent and long night full of deathlike chill. The third quartrain portrays another gloomy scene—afire getting choked to death under the wait of its own ashes Three quartrains and each one of them, sad gloomy and pessimistic. In which we discover the poet wallowing in self –pity, indulging in vain regrets..:- But the last couplet of the poem ushers in cheer, mirth, joy and happiness. into the scene.and that is the change our discussion is all about.The poet’s mood is totally transformed. Despair and despondency give way to a vibrant otimism. He feels convinced that his failing health and decadent body could not remain unnoticed by his loved one. When he comes to know that the moment of final goodbye was fast approaching, he would keep everything and everybody aside and cocentrate on him and him only. It would be a blessing in disguise and make the ties of his love even stronger.

Monetary Policy Essay examples -- essays papers

Monetary Policy I chose to research and write on the topic of monetary policy. My two main sources of information were www.federalreserve.gov and www.frsbf.org. From my research I would define monetary policy as the macroeconomic act of keeping the country financially stable. According to www.frsbf.org â€Å"The object of monetary policy is to influence the performance of the economy as reflected in such factors as inflation, economic output, and employment. It works by affecting demand across the economy—that is, people's and firms' willingness to spend on goods and services†. The information that I located suggested that the main issues that monetary policy deals with are inflation and unemployment which usually affect each other. Monetary policy is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve System who put the main responsibility of monetary policy on their Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The FOMC meets 8 times a year and has 12 members who meet to discuss the state of the economy and what changes can be made to help the economy. The main tools used in monetary policy are the manipulation of short term interest rates which can greatly affect demand as well as manipulating the discount rate and reserve requirements. The discount rate is the interest rate the Federal Reserve Banks charge financial institutions for short-term loans of reserves. A change in the discount rate can decrease or encourage financial institutions’ lending and investment activities. ...

The Munich Putsch 1923 – source related study

1. Source C, Prelude To Terror was written by Richard Hanser in 1971 and seeks to discredit Hitler and show him as a coward we know this because he says that Hitler pretended he was shot dead and then fled from the scene of battle. And he also wrote â€Å"at no point did he behave heroically† and â€Å"he did not exactly cover himself with glory†. Hanser also wrote sarcastically that it is extremely hard or maybe impossible for the average man to lift someone even if he or she was a child. â€Å"Not an easy thing to do with only one arm in working order†. By saying this Hanser thinks the event about Hitler saving a little boy is a story, he thinks source B by John Toland is a story. Source B is a story made up by the Nazis while source C is more likely to be what had actually happened. Source B on the other hand was published by John Toland in 1976 and is sympathetic towards Hitler, he uses words such as â€Å"painfully†, â€Å"struggled†, â€Å"slowly† and â€Å"agony† to describe how. John's sympathy continues by John describing how Hitler looked whilst he was escaping, he had a â€Å"pale face†, â€Å"cradling his injured arm† and his hair was â€Å"falling over his face† , according to John's description of what Hitler looked like when he escaped from the battle. Then John Toland said Hitler wanted to pick up a little boy who was â€Å"bleeding profusely†, and carry him to safety but schultze (Hitler's driver) told him not to and called someone else to take him. Source B views Hitler as a hero who cares deeply of Germany and it's citizens. John seems to have based this source on Nazi myth. The writer of source C wants to show Hitler as a coward. Hanser thinks that the Nazis made up a story about a little boy, this story is source B. 2. Source A is written by Konrad Heiden and is more likely to be true then sources B, C and D. It is more reliable then these sources because source A contains information provided by a witness that was their probably at the time of the Munich Putsch and saw the event. However witnesses are people who can forget over long periods of time, the witness information of source A was retrieved thirteen years after the event in which he or she could have forgotten. The witness could lie or be biased because he or she might want Hitler to look bad, as he does in Konrad Heidens witness account. Witnesses can get confused over long periods of time if they not clear of what happened and can slightly change the fact if they give their view of what happened. However eyewitnesses have seen the event that they talk about. A witness, as in one witness is less reliable then several witnesses. If witnesses agree on an event that event is more likely to be true then a single witness who could be biased, lying, confused or forgotten about what happened. Source A agrees with sources C and E. Source B is probably the least reliable out of all the four sources because, for a start it does not agree with any of the sources except unreliable source D. Which means that it probably is not true. The writer of source B, John Toland had his view of the Munich Putsch published fifty-three years after the event so probably got his information from secondary sources. If there were witnesses or a witness account in the source then John probably would have stated it. It is unlikely that a witness could survive for over sixty years of age And if he/she did, it would be hard for he/she to remember from the age of about seven. Witnesses or a witness could have forgotten over a long period of time such as fifty-three years. It is unlikely that John's source had been assisted by a witness or witnesses. Source B is based on the Nazi propaganda of making Hitler and the Nazi party appear the fittest party for ruling Germany. Source B is very unreliable. Source C was written forty-eight years after the Munich Putsch so also probably was not aided by any witnesses. Richard Hanser the writer of source C agrees with source A that Hitler acted cowardly during the event. Richard says, â€Å"at no point did he behave heroically†. Page 2 Source A says Hitler â€Å"was the first to get up, run backwards and drive away† which means source A also views Hitler as a coward. Although no witnesses were used to assist source C, source C agrees with the witness assisted source A. Source C is reliable. Source D is a section of the Social Democrats election poster. All parties are expected to discredit all other parties so that they win the most votes and rule. This is what the Social Democrats are doing with source D. We can see this because the election poster says Hitler was â€Å"lying flat on his belly in front of the Feldherrnhalle†, a building near to where the shooting took place. And that he â€Å"crawled† into a car. The poster uses words like â€Å"crawled† and â€Å"belly† to suggest that Hitler was like a worm, weak and slow, and to say Hitler was not heroic. â€Å"Whoever is ill can seek his help with complete confidence† by saying this. The Social Democratic party wants people to think Hitler is weak and slow concerning the ruling of Germany and that everyone knows this. The election poster is biased towards Hitler and the Nazis because they want people to vote for them and not other parties like the Nazis. Basically source D is propaganda for the Social Democrats to win votes, this source is very unreliable. Source E is the most reliable because it was aided by several witnesses, one of those witnesses was Dr Walter Scultz, a German doctor. All the witnesses agree that Hitler did not act heroically, what makes the source much more reliable is that Dr Walter Scultz also mentioned in the source that Hitler did not behave heroically. Shultz is a German doctor, so you would expect him to lie and say that Hitler was a hero. All of the witnesses agree that Hitler â€Å"was the first to get up and turn his back† and that Hitler â€Å"spirited off to the country home†¦. Where Putzi's wife and sister nursed him and where two days later he was arrested†. These quotes backed up by several witnesses further the reliable theory that Hitler is a coward and not a hero. The doctor did not lie, this is what makes this evidence more reliable then all of the other sources, including source A. The writer of source E seems to have checked the witness accounts with other sources of evidence to make sure the witnesses are telling the truth. Source E is supported by the reliable sources A and C. 3. A writer like John Toland would face the following problems when trying to research exactly what happened during the Munich Putsch in 1923. Firstly he would need to find witnesses because witnesses are a very reliable source of Information. Because John Toland's written piece of information was published in 1976 It would be hard for him to find witnesses since most would be dead (humans live for about fifty to sixty years). If he did find a witness that witness would be very old, about seventy and would probably not remember exactly what happened. The witness would not be very clear on what happened and probably would have forgotten parts of what happened during the Munich Putsch. He/she has the ability to lie, be biased or he or she might have forgotten what happened over such a long period of time. A witness's memory could be poor or the witness might be confused or might not be sure what happened. A witness may not be willing to give information about the event or might be ashamed that they took part and deny that they took part, they might hide the fact that they were there. The available evidence could be propaganda, it could have been made up or changed to make someone change the way they think, or to cover up a mistake made by a person or group of people. A writer like John Toland might face problems with documents, documents can be propaganda or biased to one side. Incriminating evidence could have been destroyed after or during a war to hide or censor information. Because of the long time between John Toland's written source and the Munich Putsch primary evidence such as photographs and written information could have been worn out and be difficult to see or read. Also to take into consideration by a writer like Toland is that a photograph could be made up/posed for, or changed. A way of telling if a photograph has been posed for is if the people in it are looking directly at the camera or if a large number of them are facing the camera. If people in a photograph look surprised or if a few or none of the people in it are facing the camera, that photograph probably is genuine. To check if a photograph has been changed it will have to be viewed by a powerful magnifying glass or high tech computer to check for any unusual aspects. Written documents can also be forged, destroyed or could have been worn out so that it would be difficult to read or impossible to read. To check if a document was forged the document Page 3 suspected of being forged should be compared with a genuine document if possible. Torn documents can be pieced together like a puzzle if its pieces were found. 4. An opinion is a point of view; it is what a person thinks about something. Opinions are not capable of being true; an opinion cannot be used as proof. The example of an opinion from source C I have chosen is â€Å"at no point did he behave heroically†. The reason I chose this is because whether a person is a hero or not depends on how a person thinks and feels. This is an opinion, not a fact; it is not necessarily true. A person might say that Hitler was a leader of an army, he should be brave and help his soldiers/secret police in any and every way possible. He should set an example and raise their morale. He should not be throwing himself down as soon as the shooting began and then running away when he got the chance, he should have fought back and helped his men. This is an opinion. Another person might say that a leader of an army should throw himself down for cover and then run away for safety. This is another opinion. They are both two very different opinions. It all depends on a point of view. An opinion is a point of view it can not be fact. However it can still help to find the truth. 5. The fact that reference is made in source E to the testimony of a witness makes it likely to be more reliable than sources B and C. The reason being that source E has been aided by several witnesses that all agree. Witness evidence is a very reliable source of evidence because an eyewitness has actually seen and heard the event; he/she has been there at the time. However witnesses evidence can also be unreliable. An eyewitness can lie, be biased or confused. They might do these thing to cover up their blame, or they might have regretted something, they might be biased because they may want something or someone To look better then it is/was. They might have forgotten about the event or what had happened during the time because so much time has gone by. They might not be clear on what happened or might get mixed up and changed what actually happened, (the fact) to a different story or opinion. Source E is backed up by a Nazi doctor, who would be likely to say that Hitler acted heroically, but he did not say this, in fact he said the opposite â€Å"Hitler was the first to get up and turn back†. Although sources C and B have not been aided by witnesses (no witnesses were mentioned in these two sources), and they have been based on secondary sources; source C is supported by source E in that they both display Hitler as not heroic and cowardly behaved during the Putsch. Sources B and C were published around fifty years after the Putsch, this makes them likely to have been based on secondary sources and withought witness evidence; since witnesses can not usually live long enough up to that time. Source B is not supported by any evidence and seems to have been based on Nazi propaganda, John Toland seems to have not check his piece of writing with other sources. Source B has not been supported by any witness evidence. Source B is the least reliable out of sources E, C, and B. 6. Source E best supports the explanation of events offered in source A because both of these sources give similar accounts of what Hitler did when the Munich Putsch was occurring. Here is an example of what I mean, in source E, William L Shirer, the writer, says Hitler â€Å"was the first to get up and turn back†. He also said â€Å"Hitler was the first to scamper to safety†. Similarly to both of these quotes from source E, source A's writer Konrad Heiden has written that Hitler â€Å"was the first to get up, run backwards and drive away†. The last part. In source A it is also said that Hitler did â€Å"drive away† during the putsch, source E also states Hitler â€Å"hustled into the waiting motor car†. The final similarity in both sources is that Hitler's soldiers were left behind when Hitler fled from the gun battle. In source A it is written that Hitler left â€Å"whilst hundreds of his comrades were still lying on the ground†, in source E it is written Hitler was â€Å"leaving his dead and wounded comrades lying in the street†. 7. A historian would need to consider a large amount of things when using a photograph (source F) and painting (source G), as evidence of the Munich Putsch. He/she will need to know that a photograph can be a reliable source of evidence, but they can be posed for or faked after the Putsch, which can make them unreliable. Page 4 Source F looks realistic because- * The people in it are not facing the camera, in fact most of their backs can be clearly seen, therefore it was not posed for * There are armed soldiers in it carrying rifles, short lances and they are mounted on horses This means there was, still is or is going to be trouble, probably between armed people. * The crowd of people in it are looking to the right of the photograph, where something out of the ordinary is happening, has happened or is going to happen, this is where the trouble is The historian needs to consider why this photograph was taken and who took it. Source F was probably taken by a passer by or by a journalist for a newspaper. He or she has to consider when it was taken. In source F's case it was in 1923 on the 9th of November, the same day the Munich Putsch took place, this makes it more reliable. Source F does not attempt to spread a message to its viewers, it is neutral; a historian needs to be able to check whether a photograph is trying to convey a message or if a photograph is just displaying pure facts. A historian needs to know that a painting does not usually intend to tell the truth, it displays what the artist thinks about something. Source G is what its artist thinks about the Beer Hall Putsch. This particular painting is Nazi propaganda, it was painted in 1933, ten years after the Putsch when Hitler came to power. It was probably painted to make Hitler seem like a powerful leader who the German people can trust and to make him and the Nazi party more popular. We know this because in the painting Hitler is standing high above all the other people and he is speaking confidently, we know he is speaking confidently because he is using arm movements to enforce his views and to make the people easily understand what he is saying. All different kinds and classes of German people are shown behind Hitler, listening very carefully as if they want what Hitler is saying to become true. For any paintings and photos to be accepted as evidence they should be checked for reliability against as many sources as possible.

Reaction Paper on Hidden Heads of Household

Alma Guardado Professor Turkon October 11, 2018 Reaction Paper on Hidden Heads of Household 1.Within Brazil, poor children are found in situations that they can't escape due to extreme poverty and globalization and even culture. Children are sometimes considered head of households, due to their parent's inability to contribute sufficient income, hence, they would be forced to assist. Like for instance, when a mother cannot work due to pregnancy or staying home to take care of the infants, children would be likely to work to replace their mother, â€Å"I realized that it was the littlest one who was getting the most money. So, I let them go alone, until today.† (Kenny, 1997, p.97) Due, to the low amount of employment available, families must move around frequently to available jobs, which most likely led them to overcrowded, violent favela nearby. Culture and politicians contribute into the factor that poor children within these situations, since children have the mindset that they are unskilled and must work in dirty conditions and politics would lie that they would help on â€Å"gas, light and water bills. However, they do not. They just wanted a vote. Children are forced upon their situation based on their family situation and poverty. 2.In Brazil, globalization and economy are global influences that foster child labor. Child labor was influence due to the increase of wealth, since it brought upon an increase of poverty and inequality. A global shift in production resulted into the growth of favelas, where more children were born into. In those horrible conditions they were forced to find a job at a young age to receive for in their plates every night. Also, due to the â€Å"increase of capital investment in factories† in Brazil â€Å"where the labor is cheap, labor laws are not enforced† brought upon more increase of children working there. Also, factory owners preferred children since they can pay them fewer wages. The increase of economy brought upon the desire of more workers to be able produce more goods. 3.As the author emphasizes how she will give details, and the problematic study will result into good results, I honest expected more. I felt it could be consider an exploitation method, but not a study that led to good result. Yes, it did help numerous programs to be formed, yet exploitation does the same. It did not impact the whole situation in a large extent, it pushed positively, but it did not force individuals to stop and wonder what they could do to change the problem. It does a good job, emphasizing the suffering young children are faced and provokes us readers to feel sympathy and heartache knowing what is happening to them. However, does not give valid results, since the programs are not enforced they are created, yet not pushed forward into action. The author herself can use the situation for her benefit for her research. There was no real solution for her study. 4.Global tourism is one of the issues that affect the lives of many children negatively and positively based on the description given in the book. Some children will arrive at 8 am at the tourist location, to beg for tourist for money, however, sometimes they frequently were only offered food, but the kids wanted money due to the easier way to split money among each other and be able to buy what they want with it and hang on to some. Another, positive aspect of tourism was that they brought employment to male children like guides, vendors and based on the satisfaction they might be able to gain extra money or food additionally from their fee for tours. But, for girls sometimes global tourism would be a negative aspect for them, since most of the time they could not have the same jobs as boys due to their physical appearance, hence, they would work in the sex industry. Sexual relationship with foreigners was in the hopes for young women, since it was a strategy for them to deal with poverty, and a desire for travel and material goods. Girls with low-esteem preferred foreigners to Brazilian men, since they thought they treated them better and believed in the hopes of opportunities would come around. In their perspective they believed they were happy since even if they lacked the formal education and financial safety net, they provided money to their family and felt some statues with their peers. The tourist industry brought exploitation of the poor children, however, at the same time brought hopes. 5.The author refers to â€Å"agent† they mean a representative of the whole community or household on their behalf. Specifically, the â€Å"agents† the author refers to is the children, since they are truly the spokesperson telling their own reality of the harsh situations they are facing. In fact, the children should be agents in crafting policies that affect their situation, since it directly affects them. They are the ones who are facing poverty, low wages and harsh conditions and sometimes even the responsibility to have to put money on the table for their family. A fourteen-year-old child should not have the responsibility to work and not be able to receive an education, so why shouldn't they be able to craft the policies that are affecting their own lives. It's not the politicians nor the high-income class or even the adults who are being directly affect, it's the children. They are the ones who are working and facing conditions that most individuals do not face at their age and no one really knows what goes on in their lives, since yes we can research about it, but it does not mean we face it every day like they do, so they should be ones who craft the certain policies rather than those viewing them â€Å"as sweet little victims.† 6. Globalization isn't a tool to eliminate child labor in Brazil or elsewhere. It may be able to increase the employment and even the earnings to poor households in developing countries. But, the more desire for export products led to an increase of demand for labor, however, not towards adults. Within factories, they would prefer children since they could pay them less for their labor. Also, their shortness was desirable, since â€Å"they could fit in small holes and under machines.† (Kenny, 1997, p.7) Adults would be unemployed, or those in Brazil will work along with their children in the mills or textile factories. Altogether, globalization brought a negative effect, since when Brazil created a minor code to restrict children into working only six hours, parents did not like the idea which didn't led to the enforcement, nor was there an elimination of child labor. Also, the global shift increased the growth of urban favelas, which led poverty becoming deeper in Brazil and those who most likely work in factories would live in poverty, due to their low income. Globalization brings a desire for interaction of economy and prosperity, with no consideration of how children are treated. There is a more focus on the products than those creating the products.Kenny, M. L. (1997). Hidden heads of households: Child labor in Northeast Brazil.

Leon Walras essays

Leon Walras essays What is the role of money in Walras' general equilibrium and what determines the demand for it? Leon Walras is considered by many as the founder of the modern theory of general economic equilibrium. Money and its valuation is an important element in his Elements of Pure Economics of 1874. Money can be defined most basically as one type of circulating capital; the other is circulating physical capital. In this short essay, both the role of money in Walras' general equilibrium and how the demand for money is determined will be treated. Walras asserted that circulating physical capital yields utility according to its service of availability, that is, to the degree that it is readily available. Money likewise provides a service of availability as the commodity that physical capital is destined to purchase, and it yields the same amount of utility as physical capital. The service of availability that money provides and consequently its utility is, in my opinion, the essence of Walras' theory of money. Although he assigned other roles to the use of money as a medium of exchange and as an element of production for entrepreneurs, these roles are encompassed by service of availability. By yielding services of availability, money does improve utility and therefore must be placed in the consumer's utility function. Walras treated money as analogous to capital. Capital, he recognized, is not a regular commodity. It is not desired for itself, but is rather a facilitator of 'intertemporal' production and thus allocation. It is demanded insofar as it provides this service. [Capital goods] are demanded because of the land-services, labour and capital-services they render, or better, because of the rent, wages and interest which these services yield (267). Similarly, money is not desired for itself. It rather provides a stream of services in the form of overcoming transaction costs or permitting the temporal break-up of purchases and sale...

Associated Business Risks Of An Organization

An organization involved in a business has certain specific characteristics which makes it different from other organizations. Each and every organization has to work in different environment which makes the job of the management of an organization challenging as the conditions changes so are the challenges to an organization. Accordingly, the associated risks of doing business also change with even little change in environment and other conditions. In this document a detailed discussion shall be made on how to assess the associated business risks of an organization working under a particular environment and how to use analytical procedures for such an organization to conduct an effective audit in such circumstances. There are numerous countries across the globe which have specific domestic auditing standard on understanding and assessing the risks of material misstatement through understanding the entity and its environment is auditing standard. In order to conduct an audit efficiently the very first thing that the auditors need to know is the environment in which a particular organization operates. The environment and the attributes of the environment of an organization will determine the nature of risks that such an organization will experience in conducting its operations (Arens et al. 2016). In this document a detailed discussion shall be made to understand the risks of business associated with the operations of Aristocrat Leisure Limited and accordingly, the analytical procedures that shall be used to deal with these risks and provide an appropriate opinion on the financial statements of the company. Manufacturer of gambling machines Aristocrat Leisure Limited is an Australian company; with the administrative center of the company in Sydney the company conducts most of its research and development activities at its North Ryde site. Apart from Australia the company also has its marketing and brand development offices in countries like United States of America, South Africa and Russia. The management of the company takes product in its achievement of being the largest gambling machine manufacturer in the country and also at being one of the largest in manufacturing slot machines on the planet. In fact when it comes to manufacturing of slot machines the company is only second to International Game Technology (Byrnes et al. 2015).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company is involved in manufacturing of gambling machines and slot machines and is one of the largest company in the globe in manufacturing these machines, certainly the largest in whole of Australia. The business operations of the company includes manufacturing of spinning reel slot machines and computerized gambling systems, development of computerized card games. The company has license to distribute computerized card game simulations, gambling machines and slot machines in more than 200 jurisdictions in and out of Australia (Cao et al. 2015). The company is a constituent of Australian Stock Exchange ASX and was first listed in way back 1996. It first manufactured a machine in the year 1953 and since then have invested in number of new initiatives and projects to manufacture innovative gambling and slot machine. Investment activities of the company include huge amount of investment on research and development process to find new and better ways to manufacture and develop slot machines as well as other gambling machines. Investment in research and development processes has also helped the company to come up with innovative new products of its own. The company has made substantial amount of investment on developing computerized gambling systems and automatic spinning slot machines. Apart from these the investment activities of the company includes investment in computerized card games simulations and advances computerized gambling systems. Over the years the management has used its funds very sensibly as it clear from the fa ct that most of the investment initiatives take by the management in the past has helped the company to enhance its market growth substantially. Thus, at present the company stands as a market leaders in Australian manufacturing gambling machines the second market leader in manufacturing slot machines across the globe (Fayol 2016).   Financing of the projects of the company has been done mainly by using the funds generated from the issuance of ordinary shares in the market and from loans taken from banks and other financial institutions. Thus, the financing of the company is a combination of own funds and borrowed funds. Apart from these two sources the company has also earned substantial amount of profit during the course of its existence and thus has substantial amount of retained earnings. The company has made efficient use of its retained earnings by financing profitable projects. The company follows the international financial reporting standards to prepare and present the financial statements of the company. The company has followed the going concern concept in preparing the financial statements. In recording the transactions that the company enters into, double entry system of accounting and accrual basis of accounting prince have been used. The company prepares Balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, statement of changes in equity and notes to accounts. All these statements include corresponding figures of previous year to allow the users of these statement to compare the current year’s figures instantly with the corresponding figures of previous year. The company has also followed the guidelines of AASB 8, Segment Reporting, and has provided necessary information for different operating and geographical segments of the company in its financial statements (Jans et al. 2014). Understanding of the industry of which the organization is part of us an important part of assessing the environment within which the organization performs to understand the associated risks and possible material misstatements in the financial statements. The industry of production of gambling machinery and development of computerized gambling system and computerized card games simulations is a huge industry with numerous companies vying to capture bugger market share than they have at the present. Slot Machine Manufactures, International Game Technology etc. are well-known organizations that are in the business of manufacturing gambling and slot machines for number of years now. These are only few companies mentioned since these are the only two companies that are in the same league as that of the Aristocrat Leisure Limited. However, there are numerous other companies that are looking to capture the market with production and development of innovative gambling machineries and computerized card simulation games. Apart from that there are other companies which are trying to get in the industry in the future. The industry growth has been phenomenal to say the least. According to the data provided by a leading magazine the gambling activities have showed an increase of 200% only over the last 5 years and if the trend continues then the gambling society believes that the revenue from gambling will increase to 5 times within next 10 years. Obviously as the gambling activity going to increase so will the requirement and need of gambling machines and system. The increase in use of computerized card games simulations have increased to 3 times in recent years and so has the business of the developers of such game. The potential of growth of the industry is huge and in fact with this rate of growth it can be said that the industry is in high growth trajectory. The industry has an effective supply chain and it has contributed immensely to the growth of the industry and will continue to do even in the future. Slot Machine Manufacturers, International Game Technology, Developers Limited are the major players in the market and have dominated the market for number of years now. The major portion of the market share are of International Game Technology, Slot Machine Manufactures and Aristocrat Leisure Limited. These three combined provides more than 50% of the machines used for gambling. Also in card game simulations these three companies are the top market share holder in the industry. All the other companies combined have a market share of less than 50% when it comes to manufacturing and production of gambling machines are concerned. The critical success factors are the following: The legal environment within which an organization works and operates is a huge factor that contributes to the overall development of an organization. Neither too much nor too less regulations is good for an organization and business hence, there should be proper balance between too much and too less regulations. Aristocrat Leisure Limited has to follow the relevant guidelines and provisions of competition act, Income Tax Assessment Act, 1997 and others to continue its business operation. The political environment of the company is stable and has never been a roadblock to the progress of the company and there is nothing to believe that this going to change in the immediate future. The economic environment within which the organization operates is also progressive and helpful for the development of business. Socially the country is a developed and opened society which have helped the gambling business to grow and so the business of the company. Technologically the country is well developed and been a leader around the globe in that aspect hence, technological progress has also helped the company to grow further (Trevino and Nelson 2016). Strength of the company is its ability to innovate. Over the years the company has provided new and invocative products in the market. The company has an efficient management and workforce which have helped the company to be the largest gambling manufacturing company in Australia and second largest computerized card game simulation developer in the whole wide world. Weakness of the company is the fact that often it has been unable to make optimum use of its idle funds and most of the times these funds have remained idle without any use. The ever increasing regulations and rules for the business of the company is another aspect to be looked at in the future as an area of possible concern. The company has the opportunity to be a huge player in the manufacturing and development of gambling machines in the whole world. The card game simulations also provide the company an opportunity to take over the reins of the market from International Game Technology. Threats are the ever increasing pressure of the existing players in the market to provide better quality products at relatively low prices in the market to keep the existing market share intact. Apart from that the threats of new entrants to the market is also a justifiable threat. Constant innovation and up-gradation of technology makes it imperative on the part of the management to keep modifying its machines and card game simulations to keep up with the requirements of the customers. However, the work force of the company is not fully capable of handling the ever changing needs and requirements of the customers. Thus, the management needs to recruit better equipped personnel to deal with this problem (Sierra?Garcà ­a et al. 2015).  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The customers’ needs and expectations are always on the rise and the competitors in the market are always on the look out to provide the customers there desirable products to capture the market. Continuous up-gradation of technology and subsequently the machines and computerized card game simulations is essential for the company to hold on its market share.   The main risks in business expansion strategy of the company is the lack of innovative ideas on the operational aspects of the business. For years now the company has not been able to give a break-through computerized gambling machine or card game simulations of highest quality. In order to expand the business the management needs a break-through product which shall be liked universally by the customers. Apart from that the funds to expand the operations is another issue that the organization has faced in the past. Implementation of the guidelines provided in Australian Accounting Standards issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board is the primary objective of the management and executive of the organization (Sekaran and Bougie 2016). The company is required to adhere to the Competition Act guidelines by not getting involved in any unlawful practices to hamper the competition in the market. Apart from that the company should disclose its earnings according to the provisions and guidelines provided in the Income Tax Assessment Act, 1936 and the relevant guidelines of Environment Laws of the country should also be followed to avoid penalty or other punishments. The company needs to fulfill its commitments to the banks and financial institutions in order to get financial assistance in expansion of business. Any failure on the part of the company in fulfilling its commitments to financial institutions and banks would hamper the chance of the company in getting financial assistance from these organizations (Sadgrove 2016). The use of information technology is crucial for the development of the company especially since the company is involved in the business of manufacturing computerized gambling machines, slot machines and simulation card games. Proper and effective use of information technology would help the company to achieve its desired objectives in the future. Effects of implementation of a new strategy: As soon as a new strategy is implemented there bound to be some changes in the organization. Accounting requirement might change with the implementation of a new strategy. The accounting professional must have the necessary knowledge to deal with changes and its impact on accounting environment.   An auditor is responsible to express a clear opinion on the financial statements of an organization as to whether the financial statements portray the true and correct picture of the organization. In order to discharge his responsibility efficiently and to express a valid opinion on the financial statements an auditor needs to corroborate evidence by using analytical and substantive procedure. The extent of use of substantive procedures would be dependent on the results of the analytical procedures used by the auditor. Thus, use of analytical procedures has to be done effectively and efficiently by the auditor (Louwers et al. 2015). Use of analytical procedures such as assessing the gross profit margin , net profit margin of the company in the current year and comparing the same with the previous years’ figures along with the standard industry parameters would help the auditor to check for any unnecessary fluctuations in these metrics. Apart from the percentage of interest expense to overall expenses, the growth in sales, the increase in operating expenses all these will help the management to identify any unwarranted fluctuations and possible area of misstatements and frauds. The mission and vision statement of the company has made it amply clear for all the stakeholders to understand how serious the management is to run the operations within the organization in accordance with the ethical values and norms of highest standards. The management has made sure that the importance of following ethical guidelines is conveyed to the employees, labor and other stakeholders in clear terms. The company has a separate unit that looks into this aspect of the organization and is responsible for design and administration of ethical values within the organization. In order to ensure that the manufacturing process as well as other important aspects of business are effectively managed the management has a standard skill and knowledge development program which includes providing training to the employees and educating them with new and improved technologies to equip them to deal with the challenges at the work place.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The governance of the company can be segregated into two main pillars, these are the shareholders of the company and the management of the company. The management of the company is separate from its shareholders. The decisions taken by the management of Aristocrat Leisure Limited are pure to achieve its desirable business objectives and for the benefit of the company. The company has a standard internal audit program which is completely independent of the management (Krahel and Titera 2015).   Ã‚  Ã‚   The management of the company has a very clear style when it comes to running the operations of the company. Managing the business risks by taking important decisions keeping in mind the interests of the company is the backbone of decision making process within the organization. Huge importance is given to the financial reporting process and the management never interfere with the accountants in financial reporting process. The organizational structure of the company is such that it allows the management to take important business decisions only after consulting with the other stakeholders of the company such as shareholders, banks and financial institutions who have provided the company with financial assistance. The management segregates duties and responsibilities of different departments within the organization. The employees have their duties and responsibilities clearly curved out thus, there is generally no overlapping of roles and responsibilities within the organization. The company has a standard recruitment policy which is regularly up-top-dated by the management to ensure that employees and staffs recruited by the company is capable of discharging their duties and responsibilities efficiently. Also in order to develop the skill and knowledge in the work force the company has a standard training program to ensure that the work force gets to know about the new development in their field of work to be able to give their best while working for the company (Knechel and Salterio 2016).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J., Beasley, M.S. and Hogan, C.E., 2016.  Auditing and assurance services. Pearson. Byrnes, P.E., Al-Awadhi, C.A., Gullvist, B., Brown-Liburd, H., Teeter, C.R., Warren Jr, J.D. and Vasarhelyi, M., 2015. Evolution of auditing: from the traditional approach to the future audit.  Audit Analytics,  71. Cao, M., Chychyla, R. and Stewart, T., 2015. Big Data analytics in financial statement audits.  Accounting Horizons,  29(2), pp.423-429. Fayol, H., 2016.  General and industrial management. Ravenio Books. Jans, M., Alles, M.G. and Vasarhelyi, M.A., 2014. A field study on the use of process mining of event logs as an analytical procedure in auditing.  The Accounting Review,  89(5), pp.1751-1773. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E., 2016.  Auditing: Assurance and risk. Taylor & Francis. Krahel, J.P. and Titera, W.R., 2015. Consequences of big data and formalization on accounting and auditing standards.  Accounting Horizons,  29(2), pp.409-422. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2015.  Auditing & assurance services. McGraw-Hill Education. Sadgrove, K., 2016.  The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016.  Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons. Sierra?Garcà ­a, L., Zorio?Grima, A. and Garcà ­a?Benau, M.A., 2015. Stakeholder engagement, corporate social responsibility and integrated reporting: an exploratory study.  Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,  22(5), pp.286-304. Trevino, L.K. and Nelson, K.A., 2016.  Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley & Sons.

Optimizing solar thermal resurce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Optimizing solar thermal resurce - Essay Example Such cities includes; Oakland 17%, San Franscisco 12% and Porland 10% (Ten top cities in U.S.A for renewable energy) . In his paper (Cleveland) explains how solar energy can be optimized. This paper represents a method of analyzing the financial costs and benefits of solar systems in commercial buildings using a model building. Assumption made are; the house is 30% below ASHRAE 90.1 standards, the owner is interested in investing on thermal technology and wanted to build the most efficient building possible, consideration of natural gases and electricity escalations as alternatives to solar energy. The model house was 50,000 sq feet and cost of building such a house in Calorina is $500,000 to 750,000 with fully installed HVAC system. Energy plus was used to map the building. The inputs for the energy plus simulation included, Raleigh, NC location, u-shaped office building of 50,000 sq ,30% energy savings among others and this led to projection output of heating system capacity 641 kBtu/hr (includes hot water usage), 87 tons of cooling capacity required, annual HVAC electricity use and annual natural gas use, hot water cooling. The model house was used to run 2 cooling scenarios one with traditional HVAC as control building and the other one with traditional cooling system and solar heating and cooling system (solar building).The sizing of thermal loads of absorption chiller was based on information sourced from energy plus and this ensured that it had that same output as HVAC system. The amount of solar thermal energy supplied to heating water, heating space and cooling the space was calculated using RET screen which is able to estimate energy production, savings ,cost, viability and risks of various renewable energy and energy efficient techniques. In order to determine the comparative value of solar heating and cooling system and traditional HVAC system, net present value (NPV) of each system